In the sprawling fields of East Africa, smallholder farmers face a multitude of challenges, from invasive weeds to relentless pests. In the quest for solutions, Professor Ratemo Michieka, a distinguished agricultural and environmental scientist from the University of Nairobi, has emerged as a leading voice advocating for a balanced approach to farming innovation.
With decades of experience working closely with smallholder farmers, Professor Michieka understands the intricacies of African agriculture like few others. “I focus on smallholder agriculture because most of the food in the region is generated by farms that are only a few acres or hectares in size,” he explains. “And, while African economies are diversifying, most Africans still depend on crops and livestock production for income.”
In a recent interview, Professor Michieka emphasized the pivotal role of smallholder farmers in Africa’s food security landscape. “Across the region, there is a strong link between fighting hunger, poverty, and improving productivity and incomes on smallholder farms,” he remarked. However, he cautioned against pursuing solutions that could harm the broader ecosystem.
Central to Professor Michieka’s research is the exploration of how farmer innovations and local knowledge can contribute to sustainable agricultural systems. “My work puts me firmly on the side of people who advocate for an approach to food production called ‘agroecology’ or ‘environmental conservation,'” he stated. “This means a focus on farming methods that protect natural resources and vulnerable ecosystems while respecting local knowledge and customs.”
While championing agroecology, Professor Michieka acknowledges the complexities surrounding modern farming practices. Controversies abound, particularly regarding the use of synthetic fertilizers, commercial seeds, and genetically modified crops. “We must be careful to avoid pursuing solutions that damage the broader ecosystem,” he cautioned.
Synthetic fertilizers, for instance, have sparked concerns due to their excessive application and environmental impact. However, Professor Michieka advocates for a nuanced approach, highlighting the potential benefits when used judiciously alongside sustainable soil management practices.
Similarly, the debate over commercial seeds raises questions about cost, crop diversity, and farmer autonomy. “Overall, the farmers I’ve worked with in Africa are radically practical and carefully evaluate their options,” Professor Michieka explained. “They will purchase a commercial seed if they see clear evidence that it is worth the investment.”
Addressing the contentious issue of genetically modified crops, Professor Michieka underscores the importance of context. “There are clearly contexts where genetically modified seeds — once thoroughly tested to prove they are safe — can be compatible with agroecology,” he asserted. “New varieties of genetically modified maize and cowpea, for instance, offer promising solutions for addressing pests and droughts.”
